IGF-1 Activates Androgen Receptor Activity

Testosterone is a highly anabolic hormone that acts by binding with androgen receptors. This signals the cell nucleus to augment the synthesis of new proteins. Until recently, scientists and physicians looked at the role of testosterone in muscle metabolism at a very superficial level. They suppose that a normal blood testosterone level meant that the system was functioning normally and even optimally. Advances in cellular biochemistry showed that the system is much more complicated.

Activation of specific genes and hormone receptor sites are more imperative than circulating levels of hormones and chemical growth factors. Besides, hormones such as testosterone, human growth hormone, and IGF-I must work together to make the optimal effect. A Korean study showed that androgen receptors in the gene controlling them were activated best in the presence of IGF-1. IGF-1 is a potent growth factor that works in combination with growth hormone to promote muscle hypertrophy. Intense training can optimize growth hormone and IGF-1 levels, which also assists testosterone metabolism, especially at the receptor level. The study shows that anabolic hormones work together to promote enhancements in muscle growth and strength.

Stye - Symptoms and Treatment

A stye is an infection, typically a bacterial infection, which causes a painful red lump either on the edge or inside of the eyelid. Bacteria grow at the root of an eyelash follicle or inside an oil gland. The bacteria can be a result of poor hygiene, touching the eyes with unwashed hands or chronic inflammation. The stye resembles a pimple or a boil and is usually filled with pus. A stye does not pose a risk to vision and most often heals without treatment within a week. However, a stye may require treatment with a doctor if the infection does not resolve with at-home remedies. Symptoms of a Stye A stye is not usually hard to spot. Not only does a red lump form on either the top or bottom eyelid, but pain is also an immediate symptom of the condition. Typical symptoms of a stye include: red lump on the eyelid similar to a pimple watering of the eye eyelid pain and swelling clear or yellow fluid collecting in the stye A normal stye will come to a head in approximately three to

Safeguard the Achilles

One of the most painful tendon injuries is Achilles. But there are also ways to avoid these injuries. Here are some of them: You’ll feel a burning and piercing in the tendon above your heel and it can even make a crackling sound when you move it. Any higher up your calf and it’s more likely that you’ve strained or pulled a muscle. Rupturing your Achilles tendon is a exceptionally painful experience and you’ll know when you’ve done it. Your Achilles tendon connects your calf muscles to your heel bone and is made of thousands of individual fibers of collagen. Restricted blood flow to this area slows repair and pain will worsen if you keep training . Four important factors in healing the Achilles are: rest, ice, compression and elevation. If your tendon is harmed take a break from all weight bearing sport (except swimming) for at least 2 weeks. You can recover from mild injury in a couple of weeks but a severe one can take 5 months. In order to prevent Achilles injury in

Causes of Easy Bruising: Reasons Why People Bruise Easily

Bruising , a reddish or purple discoloration under the skin, most often results from trauma to the small blood vessels, called capillaries, but can also occur spontaneously. How and Why Bruises Occur Blood leaks out of the capillaries and accumulates under the skin, gradually absorbing over several days. Bruising most often occurs because people run into objects or experience other trauma. Most bruising is easily explained, but frequent bruising that occurs without obvious cause needs prompt investigation, since several serious diseases can cause bruising. In general, women bruise more easily than men. How Aging Increases the Risk of Easy Bruising Bruising increases as people age for several reasons. Skin thins as people age and the capillaries become more fragile. The layer of fat that cushions blood vessels and protects them from injury becomes thinner as well. Older people often take medications and supplements that thin the blood and contribute to easy bruising. Visi

Health & Nutrition Facts for Bodybuilders

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